Minor allele carriers for enhancer variants displayed >2- fold differences in allelic expression, while individuals homozygous for the enhancer minor alleles expressed >4-fold more cortical CHRNA5 mRNA. Results: We uncovered a functional genetic locus 13.5kb upstream of CHRNA5 acting as an enhancer of CHRNA5 mRNA expression. We then tested these expression-related variants for clinical association with nicotine dependence. Polymorphisms determined to be responsible for allelic expression were genotyped in our full brain cohort and total CHRNA5 expression was compared across genotype using quantitative PCR. Using allelic expression as a phenotype, we scanned the CHRNA5 gene locus for polymorphisms responsible for imbalanced allelic expression. Methodology: To determine the presence of cis-acting functional genetic variants contributing to CHRNA5 mRNA expression, we measured allelic expression of CHRNA5 within post-mortem human prefrontal cortex brain tissue. Genetic factors also contribute to CHRNA5 mRNA expression and risk for substance abuse, but the specific variants responsible for changes in mRNA expression are unclear.

Among the most reproducible risk factor is a non-synonymous polymorphism (rs16969968) within the alpha5 nicotinic receptor subunit gene, CHRNA5. Note: Many of these mods can be applied to The Sims 3, too.Introduction: Genetic variants within nicotinic receptors have been shown to modulate an individual’s risk for nicotine dependence. Curious? Good, but be warned, this article contains content that won't be suitable for innocent eyes.

Now your Sims can be just as sinful as your favourite film or TV characters - and it doesn't matter how X-rated, sick or twisted that might be. what if players want something a little more risqué? Something to spice up the drama in their Sims lives, something a bit more 'Game of Thrones', if you will? Well, now that can also be done, believe it or not.

There's very little you're unable to get for your Sims these days, because even if EA have missed making your request an official inclusion, just one click at websites like Mod The Sims or Nraas will sort you out in just a few clicks. Players of the Sims games have always been quirky and unique - and what better way to see just how strange they can be, than to look at the various mods the most dedicated fans have created for the game? Following The Sims 2, fans have been able to create different clothes, household items, poses and even behavioural traits for their Sims - and they seem to get more creative with each passing instalment.

Suicid mod sims 4